Class conducted on: 27-07-2024 by Yash Shah

Data Types and Structures in Python

Python provides several built-in data types and structures that are essential for writing efficient and effective code. Here are some of the most commonly used data types and structures:

Data Types:

• int: Represents integer numbers. Example: 42
• float: Represents floating-point numbers. Example: 3.14
• str: Represents text (strings). Example: "Hello, World!"
• bool: Represents boolean values. Example: True or False

Data Structures:

• list: An ordered collection of items, which can be of different types. Lists are mutable. Example: [1, 2, 3, "four"]
• tuple: An ordered collection of items, which can be of different types. Tuples are immutable. Example: (1, 2, 3, "four")
• set: An unordered collection of unique items. Example: {1, 2, 3, 4}
• dict: A collection of key-value pairs. Example: {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}

Here is an example demonstrating these data structures:

# List
my_list = [1, 2, 3, "four"]
my_list.append(5)  # Adding an element to the list

# Tuple
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, "four")

# Set
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4}
my_set.add(5)  # Adding an element to the set

# Dictionary
my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}
my_dict["gender"] = "female"  # Adding a key-value pair to the dictionary

print(my_list)  # Output: [1, 2, 3, 'four', 5]
print(my_tuple)  # Output: (1, 2, 3, 'four')
print(my_set)  # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
print(my_dict)  # Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'gender': 'female'}

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects and classes to structure software in a way that is modular, reusable, and easy to maintain.

Why Object-Oriented Programming is Important:

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is important because it allows developers to create modular, reusable, and maintainable code. By organizing code into classes and objects, OOP makes it easier to model real-world entities and their interactions. This approach enhances code readability and helps in managing complex software projects by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable components. Additionally, OOP promotes the use of design principles such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, which further contribute to the robustness and flexibility of the software.

Key Concepts: